1.3 Dependent Vowels, and Vowel-Consonant Conjugation

Dependent Vowels

Vowels in Hindi can be written independently (we learned this in the last part) and dependently. When we write a word we need to conjugate consonant with vowel letter. In order to write that consonant and vowel clusters, we need to use dependent vowel marking attached with consonant. Here is a list of dependent vowel markers.

Dependent Vowel Letters with Consonant Letters

Please watch the following video to learn how dependent vowels conjugate with consonant letters. Table 7 also shows examples of how half consonants are conjugating with dependent vowels.

Instructor Video: Dependent vowel and consonant conjugation

Test Yourself

Reading and Writing Task

Please try to read the words in Worksheet 4 (below). You can write them down in Roman script then watch the video and check your answer.

Instructor Video: Feedback on Worksheet 4

Consonants Cluster/Conjunct Consonants

Similar Consonants Cluster

In Hindi, similar consonants can come together in a word. They are pronounced as a lengthened consonants.

For example:

Different Consonants Cluster

In Hindi, different consonants can come together in a word. For pronunciation, one should start with the place of articulation of the first consonant, but move the tongue position to the second consonant before releasing the air.

For example:

Dependent Vowel-Consonants Cluster Conjugation

When the dependent vowels come together with the consonant clusters, the dependent vowels are marked at the second consonant in a consonant cluster.

Exception the short “i” [इ/ि) marker, the short “i” marker comes before the half/first consonant in a consonant cluster.

For example:

Test Yourself

Reading and Writing Task

Please try to read the words in Worksheet 5 (below). You can write them down in Roman script then watch the video and check your answer.

Instructor Video: Feedback on Worksheet 5

धन्यवाद !