8.8 Conjunct Verb

Conjunct Verb with करना Video

Lecture: Conjunct Verb

In English, one can use a noun or an adjective like a verb. To use a noun or adjective as a verb in Hindi, one can combine verbs such as करना and होना with them. These combinations cannot be used to create a verb which already exists. However, Hindi does not always have a single verb equivalent to English verbs: such as to close (बंद करना).

Adjectival conjunct verb Nominal conjunct verb
Forms Adjective + करना Noun + करना
Properties
  • Conjunct verbs with करना act like a transitive verb and hence the subject must appear with the -ne (-ने) marker when the conjunct verb comes in the perfective tense (or express a completed action). Conjunct verb with करना focuses on the doer of an action.

 

  • Negative sentence: To form a negative conjunct verb, the word नहीं should be placed between the noun/adjective and the verb करना, in a standard word order.

 

  • Agreement system: In a conjunct verb, the noun/adjective part of the conjunct verb remains unchanged and the verb करना agrees with the potential subject/object in the sentence. Based on the agreement, the verb करना changes its form.

Examples of Adjectival Conjunct Verbs

  • मैंने अपना कमरा साफ़ किया| “I cleaned my room.”
  • तुम अपना घर गंदा करते हो| “You make your house dirty.”
  • वे कार्यक्रम की तैयारी कर रहे हैं| “They are preparing for the program.”

Examples of Nominal Conjunct Verbs

Nominal conjunct verbs can be further divided into two categories:

(a) one that requires a connecter such as kaa/kii.

Examples of nouns that require connectors:

  • हमने उसकी मदद की| “We helped him/her.”
  • राहुल ने गाड़ी की मरम्मत की| “Rahul fixed the car.”
  • छात्र हिन्दी का अभ्यास कर रहे हैं| “Students are practicing Hindi.”
  • राहुल ने घर की सफ़ाई की| “Rahul cleaned a house.”

(b) one that does not require any connector.

Examples of nouns that do not require connectors:

  • राम ने मुझे क्षमा किया| “Rahul forgave me.”
  • बच्चे शोर कर रहे हैं| “Children are making noise.”
  • मैंने अपनी माँ को फ़ोन किया| “I called my mother.”

Conjunct Verb with होना 

Conjunct verbs with होना are intransitive verbs and hence the subject must not appear with the –ne (-ने) marker when the conjunct verb comes in the perfective tense (or expresses a completed action). All the conjunct verbs with करना also have a construction with होना in which the doer of the action is usually not expressed.

Adjective + होना

Examples of adjectival conjunct verbs

  • मेरा कमरा साफ़ हुआ | “My room got cleaned.”
  • उसका कमरा गंदा हुआ | “His house became dirty.”
  • कार्यकर्म की तैयारी हो रही है | “Preparation for the program is taking place.”

Noun + होना

Like करना conjunct verb, Nominal conjunct verbs with होना can also be further dived into two categories

(a) one that requires connecter such as kaa/kii.

Examples of nouns that require connectors:

  • उसकी मदद हुई | “His/her help happened (literally)./ S/he was helped.”
  • गाड़ी की मरम्मत हुई | “The fixing of the car happened (literally)./ The car was fixed.”
  • हिन्दी का अभ्यास हो रहा है | “Practice of Hindi is happening (literally)./Hindi is being practiced.”

(b) one that does not require any connector.

Examples of nouns that do not require connectors:

  • यहाँ शोर हो रहा है | “It is noisy here.”
  • कार्यकर्म खत्म हो गया | “The program ended.”
  • भूल हो गयी | “The mistake happened.”

Activity 1

Please write two sentences with each of the following conjunct verbs.

फ़ैसला करना “To decide”
  • 1.
  • 2.
साफ़ करना “To clean”
  • 1.
  • 2.
वापस करना “To return”
  • 1.
  • 2.
ख़त्म करना “To finish”
  • 1.
  • 2.
कम करना “To reduce”
  • 1.
  • 2.
ठीक करना “To fix up”
  • 1.
  • 2.
तैयार करना “To prepare”
  • 1.
  • 2.
शुरू करना “To start”
  • 1.
  • 2.
मरम्मत करना “To repair”
  • 1.
  • 2.
x की मदद करना “To help X”
  • 1.
  • 2.
x का इंतज़ार करना “To wait for X”
  • 1.
  • 2.
x की कोशिश करना “To try X”
  • 1.
  • 2.
x का अभ्यास करना “To practice X”
  • 1.
  • 2.

Activity 2

Please write a response of these following personalized questions and then record yourself.

धन्यवाद !

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