1.7 Grammar: Pronoun & Verb Ending in Persian Language
Learning Objectives
- You will learn all the singular and plural pronouns.
- You will learn the verb ending with matching pronoun.
- You will learn the demonstrative pronoun in Persian language.
Pronoun Table in Persian:
| Plural | Singular |
|---|---|
| ما = we | من = I |
| شما = You Plural | تو = You singular |
| آنها = They | او = She/He/ it |
Pronouns in Persian can be distributed as they are in English based on person (first, second, and third person) and number (singular and plural), as shown above in the table. Unlike English, 3rd person singular pronoun is gender neutral. We have just او for s/he. Persian language also has honorific features. When we use 2nd person pronoun for someone who is older and has higher social status we use plural form of you (شما) instead of singular form of you (تو ).
Practice:
Verb Endings in Persian Language:
Verb ending for each pronoun in the Persian language:
Verb ending must agree with noun/pronoun in person and number:
| Verb Ending Plural | Verb Ending Singular |
|---|---|
| یم First person plural | م First person singular |
| ید Second person plural | ی Second person singular |
| ند Third person plural | – Usually is د or nothing. Third person singular |
In the Persian language, the verb ending agrees with the subject in person and number
| Plural | Singular |
|---|---|
| ما /یم | من /م |
| شما / ید | تو /ی |
| آنها / ند | او /- |
Here is an example for pronoun and matching verb ending:
| English Plural
pronoun & verb ending |
Persian Singular
pronoun & verb Ending |
English Singular
pronoun & verb ending |
Persian Singular
pronoun & verb ending |
|---|---|---|---|
| We are good.
|
ما خوب هستیم | I am good.
|
من خوب هستم |
| You are good.
|
شما خوب هستید | You are good.
|
تو خوب هستی |
| They are good.
|
آنها خوب هستند | She/he/It is good
|
.او خوب است |
Practice 2:
Demonstrative Pronoun in Persian
This این & That آن
A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to point to specific people or things. Here is the table of the demonstrative pronoun in Persian with their English equivalent:
| English word | Persian equivalent | English word | Persian equivalent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | This | این | That | آن |
| Plural | These | اینها | Those | آنها |
Key Takeaways
- You can name all singular and plural pronouns and match them with their verb ending.
- You can recognize and used the demonstrative pronoun in Persian language.
!سپاس
