8 Exam 1 Study Guide

The following are suggestions of what you should have on your study guides for each RIQ and Exam in BS161. Items followed by a ** are items that we recommend you commit to memory as these will be used on every exam in this class and in many of your upper-level biology courses. It will also save you significant time on exams and quizzes if you do not need to look up this information.

RIQ 001-002

1. Draw a model by hand showing the flow of genetic information in a human cell. This should include the key molecules and processes involved in the cellular locations in which they occur.** See ICA COVID Case study, models, argument, Activity 3
2. Draw a model by hand showing the flow of genetic information from the SARS-CoV-2 virus when it infects a human cell. This should include the key molecules and processes involved in the cellular locations in which they occur. See ICA COVID Case study, models, argument, Activity 3
3. Write out the relative electronegativities of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and an explanation of why these matter for covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ion-dipole interactions.** See PCA Bonds and forces, part 2.
4. Draw a table to show the common bonds and forces found in cells, a molecular explanation of how they occur, their relative strengths, and examples.** See PCA Bonds and forces, parts 3 & 4.
5. Draw a table to show the names, structures, and properties of common functional groups found in biomolecules. If you cannot use the tables from number 3 & number 4 above to determine the types of bonds/forces the functional groups participate in, you should add this to your table.** See PCA Bonds and forces, part 6.

RIQ 002-003

1. If you have not confidently committed 3, 4, and 5 from the RIQ 001-002 study guide to memory, add these to this study guide.
2. Draw a table that lists the 3 major macromolecules found in cells, the name and structures of their monomers, and the covalent bond that joins the monomers into a polymer.** See PCA Macromolecules, part C
3. Draw a diagram showing the structure of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and write an explanation of how their structure impacts the fluidity of a membrane when these fatty acids are incorporated into membrane phospholipids.** See PCA Macromolecules, part G.

RIQ 004-005

You do not need to add a codon table or the structures and names of the 20 common amino acids to your study guide.  These will be provided when needed.

1. If you haven’t committed 1, 4, and 5 from the RIQ 001-002 study guide to memory, add these to this study guide.
2. If you haven’t committed 2 from the RIQ 002-003 study guide to memory, add this to this study guide.
3. Draw a model of a nucleotide and a ribonucleotide showing their 3 parts, numbering of the carbon atoms in the sugar rings, and an explanation of the roles the 3 parts of the nucleotides and specifically the carbon atoms in the sugar ring play in the flow of genetic information in cells.** See PCA Gene expression I, part C and ICA Gene expression I, Activity 3
4. Draw a table with the name, macromolecular class, and function for the key molecules in transcription.** See PCA Gene expression I, part D3
5. Draw a model of transcription that includes the base-paring rules for nucleic acids and illustrates the ‘rules’ for transcription, and that allows you to determine template and non-template strands.** See ICA Gene expression I, Activity 3 and PCA Gene expression II, part 7
6. Draw a table with the name, macromolecular class, and function for the key molecules in translation.** See PCA Gene expression II, part 4
7. Draw a model of translation that explains how the translation is initiated, how amino acids are added, and how the translation is terminated.** See ICA Gene expression II, Activity 2, part 2D-F, or figures 5.18 and 5.19 from Chapter 5, section 5.2 of the textbook

RIQ 006-007

You do not need to add a codon table or the structures and names of the 20 common amino acids to your study guide.  These will be provided when needed.

1. If you have not confidently committed items 1, 3, 4, and 5 from the RIQ 001-002 study guide to memory, add these to this study guide.
2. If you haven’t committed item 2 from the RIQ 002-003 study guide to memory, add this to this study guide. Add information to help you identify the components to amino acids, such as their side chains (R groups).
3. Draw a table naming and describing the three levels of protein structure and the types of bonds and/or forces involved in each.
4. Draw a model showing the role of hydrophobic amino acids when a protein folds in aqueous solution.
5. Draw a model illustrating the role of chromosomes, centromeres, genes, the template strand, codons, and amino acids in the flow of genetic information in a human cell.