1.3 Nasalization, Gemination, and Conjunct Consonants

Bindee and Tippee Video Transcript

Hello friends! In this video, you are going to learn about bindee and tippee. Bindee and tippee are used to add partial nasal sounds to the letter. This is the symbol of bindee: “ਂ.” This is the symbol of tippee: “ੰ.” The sound of bindee and tippee is same. This is “an:” ਅਂ. Bindee and tippee both come at the top of the letter and the sound is “an” = ਅਂ – ਅੰ.

This is a letter “sassa ga” ਸਗ = “sag,” and if I add bindee  over here, it becomes ਸੰਗ = “sang.” So, ਸਗ vs ਸੰਗ. “Mamma gagga” ਮਗ = “mag,” but when I add tippee over here, it becomes ਮੰਗ = “mang.” One more, there is “mamma” and “kanna,” it is ਮਾ = “maa” and when I add bindee here, it becomes ਮਾਂ = “maan.” ਬਾਦਰ = “baadar” and with bindee it is ਬਾਂਦਰ = “baandar.”

So the sound for both is same, but now there is a question how would one know where to add bindee or where to put tippee in writing, so there is a rule. Here, I am making a letter “sassa” ਸ and adding all of the matraas with this (kanna, ਸਿਹਾਰੀ “ਿ, bihari, aunkar, dulainkar, hora, kanaura). So, I added all the matraas with the “sassa” ਸ. So, I cut it diagonally and now I have two parts: Part a and Part b. In Part a we have ਿ,ੁ ,ੂ . There is one more, which is ਮੁਕਤਾ, which is invisible. So, with all these matraas, we will add tippee “ੰ.” In Part b we have ੀ, we have ਾ, we have ੋ,ੌ,ੇ and ੈ and with all these we need to add bindee when we write.

In speaking the sound is the same, but when we write it we need to be careful where to add bindee and where to add tippee, so this is the rule.

I hope you got it. Thank you! See you in the next video with new chapter, new lesson. Dhanwaad!

Addhak Video Transcript

Sat Sri Akal Friends!

In this video, you will learn about “addhak” ਅੱਧਕ. This is the symbol of “ੱ” and it always comes on the top of the letter. So addhak is used to double the consonant, or we can say to “stress the sound.” If you put it on the first letter, it doubles the next one. Let’s see:

This is: “pappa, tatta, kanna” ਪਤਾ = “Pata,” and if I add “ੱ” here it would be ਪੱਤਾ = “Patta.” So, ਪਤਾ = “Pata” vs. ਪੱਤਾ = “Patta.”

ਕੁਤਾ = “Kuta” and with “ੱ,” it would be ਕੁੱਤਾ = “Kutta.” ਕੁਤਾ = “Kuta” vs. ਕੁੱਤਾ = “Kutta.”

“Vavva, dadda, kanna” ਵਡਾ = “Vada” and if I add “ੱ” over here, it becomes ਵੱਡਾ = “Vadda.”

I hope you got it. Thank you!

Conjuncts Consonants/Subjoined Letters Video Transcript

Hello, friends!

In this video, you will learn about conjunct consonants or subjoined letters. Conjunct consonants or subjoined letters are called ਪੈਰੀ ਅੱਖਰ. In Punjabi, we have three ਪੈਰੀ ਅੱਖਰ: “hahha” ਹ, “rarra” ਰ, and “vavva” ਵ. So, ਪੈਰੀ ਅੱਖਰ are used to pronounce two consonants without interviewing any vowel.

So, let’s talk about the first ਪੈਰੀ ਅੱਖਰ, which is “hahha” ਹ. This is the symbol and it always comes underneath the letter. You can see. So “hahha” ਹ is used to make unaspirated consonants aspirated. It is pronounced softly. So the first one is here:

• “pappa rarra pairi akhar haahha” ਪੜ੍ਹਨਾ = “pardhana.”
• “Gurha guu rada” ਗੂੜਾ and if I add “hahha” here, ਗੂੜ੍ਹਾ.

Next one is “rarra” ਰ. ਰ is used to add partially ਰ “rarra” sound (“r” sound) to some words. So this is the symbol ਰ.

• If I write here “pappa” and then “rarra,” it is ਪਰ = “par,” but if I write “pa” and “ra,” it would be ਪ੍ਰ = “pra.” ਪਰ “par” vs ਪ੍ਰ “pra.”
• One more, like ਪ੍ਰਮਾਤਮਾ “Pramaatma.”
• One more, this is “tainka” and “pairi rarra.” “tra” ਟ੍ਰ, “ai” ਟ੍ਰੈਕਟਰ = “Traiktar.”

The last one is “vavva” ਵ. “pairi akhar” This is the symbol ਵ “vavva,” again, underneath the letter. So “pairi vavva” is used to add partially “va” ਵ sound, “vavva” ਵ sound, to some words. So this is:

• ਸਵ = “sav sassa” and “vavva sav” and if I add underneath the “vavva” here, it would be: ਸ੍ਵ = “sva” and ਸ੍ਵਰ = “svar.”

I hope you got it. Dhanwaad. Shukriaa.