1.2 Matraavaan: Dependent Vowels and Vowel Consonant Conjugation

“Mukta” Video Transcript

Hello Friends,

In this video, we are going to talk about “Dependent Vowels or Symbols” in Punjabi. Dependent vowels or symbols are called ਮਾਤਰਾਵਾਂ in Punjabi. There are ten ਮਾਤਰਾਵਾਂ in Punjabi. Ten out of nine has a visible marker or a visible symbol, and one is invisible—which is called ਮੁਕਤਾ. ਮੁਕਤਾ is used to join two, three, four letters in Punjabi. In order to join these letters, the inherent vowel “a” is used with each and every consonant but not pronounced and written at the end.

As an example, let’s take letter “pappa” ਪ and “rarra” ਰ. To pronounce these letters together (ਪਰ), we need to pick the first syllabi of each letter. So, the letter is “pappa” and the first syllabi would be “p” ਪ. For “rarra,” first syllabi would be “r” ਰ: ਪ + ਰ = ਪਰ = “par.”

Same as next:

• “kakka rarra” ਕਰ = “kar.”
• “Shasha rarra mamma” ਸ਼ਰਮ = “sharam.”
• “kakka sassa rarra tata” ਕਸਰਤ = “kasrat.”

So, here notice one thing guys, when we break the syllabi, we don’t write inherent vowel “a” there. “Kas” and then “rat” kasrat.

One more example:

• “sha ra ba ta” ਸ਼ਰਬਤ = “sharbat.”

I hope you got it. See you in next video. Thank you. Dhanwaad ji.

“Kanna” Video Transcript

Hello friends,

In this video, you are going to learn about ਕੰਨਾ “ਾ.” This is the symbol of “ਾ.” It comes to the right side of the letter, should be half of the letter, and the sound is a long “aa” like “balm” in English.

For example, ਆ, so:

• “lalla kanna lalla” ਲਾਲ = “laal.”
• “kakka kanna kaa laa,” “kaa laa” ਕਾਲਾ = “kaala.”
• “pappa pa,” “rarra ra,” “dadda da,” and “kanna aa” ਪਰਦਾ = “parda.”

Guys, it never comes with ੳ and ੲ.

I hope you got it. Thank you. Dhanvaad jee. I will see you in the next video with a new ਮਾਤਰਾ.

“Sihaaree” Video Transcript

Hello friends,

In this video, you are going to learn about “ਿ” ਸਿਹਾਰੀ.

This is the symbol of “ਿ.” It comes to the left side of the letter, and the sound is ਇ, a short ਇ, like “bit” in English or “kit” in English. So:

• “sassa” ਇ “ra” ਸਿਰ = “Sir.”
• “dadda” ਇ “la” ਦਿਲ = “Dil.”
• “ki sa ma ta” ਕਿਸਮਤ = “Kismat.“

“ਿ” ਸਿਹਾਰੀ never comes with ੳ and ਅ.

I hope you got it. Dhanvaad jee, Shukreeya.

“Bihaaree” Video Transcript

Hello friends,

In this video, you will learn about ਬਿਹਾਰੀ “ੀ.” This is the symbol of “ੀ,” and it comes to the right side of the letter and the sound is a long “ee,” like “ee” in “meet” in English.

So when it comes with Punjabi:

• “dadda de deedee” ਦੀਦੀ = “Deedee.”
• “pappa pee la aa” ਪੀਲਾ = “Peela.”
• “nee la aa” ਨੀਲਾ = “Neela.”

It never comes with ੳ and ਅ, so ਬਿਹਾਰੀ never comes with ੳ and ਅ.

Thank you. Dhanvaad Jee.

“Aunkar” Video Transcript

Hello friends,

In this video, you are going to learn about ਔਂਕੜ. This is the symbol of aunkar: “ੁ.” It comes underneath the letter, and the sound is “u,” like in “bull” in English.

For example:

• “ma u mu see ba ta” ਮੁਸੀਬਤ = “Museebat.”
• “gu la aa bee” ਗੁਲਾਬੀ = “Gulaabee.”
• “u ma ra” ਉਮਰ = “Umar.“

ਔਂਕੜ never comes with ਅ and ੲ.

I hope you got it. Thank you! Dhanvaad!

“Dulainkar” Video Transcript

Sat Sri Akal Dosto,

In this video, you will learn about ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ ” ੂ.” This is the symbol of “ੂ.” It comes underneath the letter, and the sound is “oo,” like “oo” in “boot” in English.

So this is:

• “sassa, soo ra ja” ਸੂਰਜ = “Soorj.”
• “mamma moo ra kha” ਮੂਰਖ = “Moorakh.”
• “bhoo ra” ਭੂਰਾ = “Bhoora.”

ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ never comes with ਅ and ੲ.

I hope you got it. Dhanvaad, Shukreeya!

“Laan” and “Dulaavaan” Video Transcript

Hello friends,

In this video, we are going to learn about “laan” ਲਾਂ and “duvaalan” ਦੁਲਾਂਵਾਂ.

So let’s talk about “laan” first.

This is the symbol of ੇ. And it always comes at the top of the letter, and the sound is “e” like “bake” in English. So:

• The first letter is “mamma,” and this is “e,” making ਮੇਰਾ = “mera.”
• “tata e rarra kanna” ਤੇਰਾ = “tera.”
• “sassa vavva va e ra” ਸਵੇਰ = “saver.”

“Laan” never comes with ੳ and ਅ.

So now let’s talk about “dulaan” ਦੁਲਾਂ ( ੈ).

This is the symbol of ੈ. It also comes on top of the letter, and the sound is “ai” like “sack” in English.

• “sassa ai ra” ਸੈਰ = “sair.”
• “airaa ai na ka” ਐਨਕ = “ainak.”
• “kakka kai la aa sha” ਕੈਲਾਸ਼ = “Kailaash.”

“Dulaavaan” never comes with ੳ and ੲ.

I hope you got it. Thank you! Dhanwaad!

“Hora” and “Kanaura” Video Transcript

Hello friends,

In this video, we are going to learn about “Hora” ਹੋੜਾ and “Kanaura” ਕਨੌੜਾ.

So let’s first talk about “Hora” ਹੋੜਾ.

So this is the symbol “ੋ,” and it comes on top of the letter and the sound “o,” like “coat” in English. So this is:

• “mamma o mo ra” ਮੋਰ = “Mor.“
• “shashaa o sho ra” ਸ਼ੋਰ = “Shor.”
• “sasaa o so ma som vaava va aa ra” ਸੋਮਵਾਰ = “Somvaar.”

“Kanaura” never comes with ਅ and ੲ.

So now let’s talk about “Kanaura” ਕਨੌੜਾ.

This is the symbol “ੌ,” and the position is same on top of the letter and the sound is “au,” like “bought” or “Mom” in English.

• “Au ra ta” ਔਰਤ = “Aurat.”
• “pappa p ka au ra” ਪਕੌੜਾ = “Pakaura.”
• “chacha ch au ra” ਚੌੜਾ = “Chaura.”

“Kanaura” never comes with ੳ and ੲ.